Cultural Elements Of Beowulf By William Shakespeare

Cultural Elements in Beowulf Beowulf ,the story, was handed down orally by mouth for centuries. However, in 1000 AD, Beowulf was written down for the first time as a poem. Beowulf is a story about a hero with supernatural powers. His strength surpasses any man, and he is the king of his people(the Sweden). Beowulf defeats and kills monsters to protect the people and the land of the Geats and Danes. Beowulf defeats the monster named Grendel. Grendel kills and eats Beowulf s men who sleep in Heriot at night, â€Å"Now Grendel s name has echoed in our land: sailors have brought us stories of Heriot, the best of all mead halls, deserted and unless when the moon hangs in the skies the sun has lit†(page 47, lines 143-1470). The cultural elements in Beowulf are about ethics, religion, and honor. The mead hall was described as a great place for warriors to relax, eat, and sleep. However, the monster Grendel kills people who stay the night in the mead hall. Hrothgar’s relatives have already died trying to get rid of the beast.Their defeat has granted Hrothgar the throne. Hrothgar, king of the Danes, has asked Beowulf to slay the monster Grendel and return the mead hall back to its former glory; â€Å"That I, alone, and with the help of my men, May purge all evil from this hall/this mead hall glittering with new light†(page 49). Warrior often wore a certain attire to battle such as, â€Å" armor and helmets†¦[chain] mail shirts.. (lines 858-63, page 47)† They wore these items to protectShow MoreRelatedThe Metrics Of English Literature4721 Words   |  19 Pagesindeed interesting and without a doubt analyses the English Language and its development. Moreover, Sylvia, your favour for the art of writing is refreshing. However, who is correct? Let s look back to the longest surviving poem in Old English, ‘Beowulf’. We know the minor details of context, no evidence of author, origins or even a title at that. So please, Joseph and Sylvia enlighten us. Joseph: Well, let’s define what linguistics is, shall we? Linguistics is in a sense a scientific study of languageRead MoreHow to Read Lit Like a Prof Notes3608 Words   |  15 Pagesconsciously aware we are, the more alive the text becomes to us. d. If you don’t recognize the correspondences, it’s ok. If a story is no good, being based on Hamlet won’t save it. 6. When in Doubt, It’s from Shakespeare†¦ a. Writers use what is common in a culture as a kind of shorthand. Shakespeare is pervasive, so he is frequently echoed. b. See plays as a pattern, either in plot or theme or both. Examples: i. Hamlet: heroic character, revenge, indecision, melancholy nature ii. Henry IV—a young manRead MoreThe Sonnet Form: William Shakespeare6305 Words   |  26 PagesShakespeare’s Sonnets William Shakespeare The Sonnet Form A sonnet is a fourteen-line lyric poem, traditionally written in iambic pentameter—that is, in lines ten syllables long, with accents falling on every second syllable, as in: â€Å"Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?† The sonnet form first became popular during the Italian Renaissance, when the poet Petrarch published a sequence of love sonnets addressed to an idealized woman named Laura. Taking firm hold among Italian poets, the sonnetRead MoreChildrens Literature13219 Words   |  53 Pagesnothing but scorn, and directed parents to put them to the one use for which they were fitted, namely, lighting fires. Like the concept of childhood, childrens literature is very much a cultural construct that continues to evolve over time. As a term, â€Å"children’s literature† does not easily fit into any cultural or academic category; rather, it is a diverse and paradoxical area of study. Its richness is reflected in the vast amount of theories that permeate and surround the term. From feminist studies

Abortion Is The Ending Of A Pregnancy - 888 Words

Abortion When a women becomes pregnant, they start to form a fetus in the womb of the women. There are times when the mother of the fetus does not want the child. So in order to be rid of the fetus they would go to the doctor to perform a surgery to be rid of the baby. The surgery is called abortion, abortion is the ending of a pregnancy, performed during the first 28 weeks of pregnancy. Abortion began over several centuries ago, there is history of women helping each other to abort their child. Until the late 1800s, women that specialized in medical procurers in Western Europe and the U.S. help provide abortions and trained other women how to conduct the surgery, without legal prohibitions. Several years later abortion became a crime for several reasons. Around the mid-19th century broadened liberal support for criminalization, because at that time abortion was too dangerous of a procedure to be done with crude methods, few antiseptics. Many women died of the loss of blood or pain . Around the same time, male doctors began learning and started to were tightening their skills and control over the medical profession. Doctors considered midwives, who attended births and performed abortions as part of their regular practice, and valued them very highly. Years later, the government began to make abortion illegal. Saying that the only reason to have an abortion was because of rape or incest. That law later changed. But every state, there are different restrictions. In theShow MoreRelatedAbortion Is The Ending Of Pregnancy1341 Words   |  6 Pages  Abortion is the ending of pregnancy by removing a fetus or embryo from the womb before it can survive on its own. surgery has lower risk of side effects. When allowed by local law abortion in the developed world is and has long been one of the safest procedures in medicine. Uncomplicated abortions do not cause any long term mental or physical problems. Every year unsafe abortions cause 47,000 deaths and 5 million hosp ital admissions. Around 44 million abortions occur each year in the world, withRead MoreAbortion Is The Ending Of A Pregnancy1748 Words   |  7 Pageswomen will go through the pregnancy, but a lot of them will resort to abortion. Abortion is the ending of a pregnancy (Vaughn 293). There are three different types of abortion: spontaneous abortion, induced abortion, and therapeutic abortion. Spontaneous abortion is an abortion due to natural causes, like birth defects or injury (a miscarriage). Induced abortion is the the intentional termination of pregnancy through drugs or surgery. Therapeutic abortion is an abortion performed to preserve to lifeRead MoreAbortion Is The Ending Of Pregnancy Essay1248 Words   |  5 Pages ARBOTION Abortion is the ending of pregnancy by removing the fetus or embryo before it fully develops or in other word before it is able to survive on its own. A simultaneous occurrence of abortion is called miscarriage whereas when purposely caused it is called an induced abortion. Another medically used term is late termination of pregnancy. Induced abortion requires use of medication and surgical methods in modern medicine. MifepristoneRead MoreAbortion Is The Medical Process Of Ending A Pregnancy3690 Words   |  15 Pages An abortion is the medical process of ending a pregnancy so it does not result in the birth of a baby. It is also sometimes known as a â€Å"termination† or a â€Å"termination of pregnancy†. Depending on how many weeks you have been pregnant, the pregnancy is ended either by taking medication or by having a surgical procedure. An abortion is not the same as a miscarriage, where the pregnancy ends without medical intervention. â€Å"All human life form the moment of conception and through all subsequent stagesRead MorePro-Life Side Of Abortion. Abortion Is The Ending Of Pregnancy1540 Words   |  7 PagesPro-life side of abortion Abortion is the ending of pregnancy by removing an embryo or fetus before it is able to survive outside the uterus. An abortion can either happen through a miscarriage or a medically induced termination of pregnancy. The two sides of abortion are the pro-life side, which is against abortion, and the pro-choice side, which supports it. Abortion should not be legal with the exception of some cases of rape and health risk to the mother. The unborn person should have the rightRead MoreAnti Abortion informative outline1025 Words   |  5 Pagesslaughter of Innocence) Specific Purpose: (To inform as well as advocate readers, Mostly Women, and Mothers on why it is unethical and it is not ever right to destroy a life. Most importantly, is to convince women why abortion should be illegal. I. Introduction A. Attention Getter: (Abortion; a new generation’s way of shrugging off responsibility of their action at the cost of Human life.) B. Tie to the audience: According to the 1st Amendment to the constitution that says we have the right to freedomRead MoreShould Abortion Be Permissible?1238 Words   |  5 PagesWhether abortion is legalized or illegal, abortion is Immoral (Presidential debates) Abortion is a very delicate issue that we heard about a lot the last two years from the political debates of our country. Many people from the democrat and the republican parties had repetitively debated whether or not an abortion should be tolerable or not tolerable. Some considered that ending the life of a human fetus is very bad and should not be permissible at all. Republican Party alleged that abortion is likeRead MoreAbortion, The, And Abortion998 Words   |  4 PagesUnited States there are more than a billion abortions performed each year. Since the court case Roe vs Wade in 1973 more than 56 million babies have been murdered in the United States before they had the chance to take their first breath (Snyder, Micha el). These statics along with many more show the huge injustice that is happening in the country I call home. Abortion is defined as the removal of an embryo or fetus from the uterus in order to end a pregnancy. It can include any of various surgicalRead MoreThe Right to Live832 Words   |  3 PagesAccording to the National Right to Life, nearly 4,000 abortions are performed daily. When you think about it, that’s a great deal of unborn children that are just â€Å"discarded† or erased, like a sheet of paper containing an awful mistake. An abortion, by definition, is the termination of a pregnancy after, accompanied by, resulting in, or closely followed by the death of a human embryo or fetus (spontaneously or by induced expulsion). Abortions have been performed for centuries, and surprisingly, areRead MoreThe Main Purpose of Abortion826 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is abortion? Abortion is the ending of a pregnancy before birth. Early in a pregnancy, the fertilized egg that grows and develops is called the embryo. After three months of development, it is usually called a fetus . An abortion causes the embryo or fetus to die. Abortion is a very inhumane thing to do I could never think of giving up a baby even when it is not an actual humane, when it is in the lady it is still considered a person to me no matter what. I have five nephews and nieces and I

Things Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe - 1311 Words

Things Fall Apart Fear is an emotion that is triggered by a threat or a perceived threat. During this time, one’s body prepares to fight or take flight in response to this trigger. Fear can be crippling to those that let it consume and change them. The character Okonkwo, from the novel Things Fall Apart is a man that allows fear to consume him. His entire life is dominated by the anxiety of failure and weakness. He is so afraid of failing and becoming the man his father was, which leads him on a dark and narrow path. Okonkwo faces inconceivable experiences that defines who he is in society which ultimately leads to his downfall. Okonkwo is well-known throughout the nine villages and even beyond. His fame rested on solid personal achievements (Onuemelukwe). The people in the surrounding villages see him as a hero. Okonkwo is respected for his hard work as an achieved warrior of the Umuofia clan. â€Å"Okonkwo worked daily on his farm from cock-crow until the chickens went to roost† (Achebe) and never seems to tire from his work. His three wives are not as strong and did not have the same amount of stamina; his children did not take after him either. Okonkwo uses techniques such as beating and nagging to try and change the poor work ethics of his family members (Achebe). â€Å"Okonkwo was not a cruel man, but his whole life was dominated by fear, the fear of failure and of weakness.† Okonkwo wanted to be completely opposite of what his father was and live his whole life beingShow MoreRelatedThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1415 Words   |  6 Pagesbook Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe doe s just that. This book should be taught in schools because it shows the values and traditions of Achebe’s Igbo culture, persistently teaches life lessons throughout the book, and shows the darker reality of European colonialism in Africa. Chinua Achebe is known as one of the most influential and famous authors to ever write. Chinua Achebe originates from an Igbo background and he expresses that through his writings very well including Things Fall ApartRead MoreThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe1324 Words   |  6 Pages Chinua Achebe chose to write his novels in English to reveal a deep response of his people to colonisation and to make that response understood to people all over the world. Things Fall Apart was written in English to teach people worldwide of the struggles he faced and the people of Nigeria faced growing up. Many authors and critics have written about Achebe’s ‘Things fall apart’ adding their valued opinion on what he was trying to say and his decision to write in English. In the followingRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe Essay1203 Words   |  5 Pages who took their land for monetary gain. This was a dark period of time for Africans that live there. The U.S. Civil War and The Great Depression both can be related, in this instance, to how down their people were because of what happened. Chinua Achebe said it best, â€Å"I would be quite satisfied if my novels...did no more than teach my readers of their past...was not a long night of savagery from which the first European acting on God’s behalf delivered them†(qtd. in â€Å"Morning Yet† 45). In theRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1452 Words   |  6 Pagesassume control over the Roman Empire. However, imperialism in Africa remained a recorded element from 1750 to 1945. This paper visits how control and changes were influences over the Africans during this time period as seen through Chinua Achebe’s novel Things Fall Apart. (UKEssays, 2015) Europe was experiencing a few financial and political changes that forced the major European forces to investigate abroad regions to add to their resources during the seventeenth century. In order for the EuropeanRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe2361 Words   |  10 PagesThings Fall Apart Book Critique Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is a historical fiction novel describing the life of Okonkwo in a Nigerian village succumbing to European ways, in order to portray Achebe’s view on imperialism. It was chosen for us to read by our teacher because it describes imperialism and its effects in an Ibo village of Nigeria. It also shows the treatment of natives by the Europeans and how the natives reacted. Things Fall Apart is useful to our course of studies because itRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1265 Words   |  6 PagesThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is markedly relevant to our current course of studies in World History, as it tells a story based on European Imperialism in Africa. Coming off the heels of our Imperialism unit, this post-colonial novel provides very helpful context on different civilizations’ perspectives throughout the Age of Imperialism; aside from analyzing death tolls, descriptions of conflicts, and names of countries, it was previousl y hard to envision what life was actually like during thatRead MoreThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe 735 Words   |  3 PagesThings fall apart. Achebe. Ernest Gaines once said, â€Å"I write to try to find out who I am. One of my main themes is manliness. I think Im trying to figure out what manliness really is.† Indeed, every society or culture has its own understanding of an ideal man. Even though these characteristics are different in various parts of the world, the significance of masculinity can never be overestimated. â€Å"Things Fall Apart† by Chinua Achebe is considered as one of the best examples of a riseRead MoreThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe692 Words   |  3 Pagesthe way to go. Through commercial trading Islam spread into Igboland, and this led to more Igbo people leaving the Igbo way of life for another, whether it be Islam or Christianity which divide the country in two. In the novel Things Fall Apart written by Chinua Achebe British colonialism and the migration of Muslims to Nigeria led to the change in the faith, social and economic changes in the Igbo society. Traditional Igbo faith believes that there is only one creator or god known as ChinekeRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe897 Words   |  4 PagesIn the novel, â€Å"Things Fall Apart† by Chinua Achebe the Igbo tradition revolves around structured gender role. Everything essential of Igbo life is based on their gender, which throughout the novel it shows the role of women and the position they hold, from their role in the family household, also planting women crops, to bearing children. Although the women were claimed to be weaker and seemed to be treated as objects, in the Igbo culture the women still provided qualities that make them worthyRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe Essay1851 Words   |  8 Pageschoice and styles are critical not only to the reader’s understanding of the text but to his appreciation as well. How language is effectively manipulated in their writings enhances the reader’s valuing of the works. The selected novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is a representation of Igbo culture and their language. It explores the life of an Igbo tribe at the time of when colonization hit Africa. It could be considered as a post-colonial text, as the protagonist of the story and the other

The Importance Of Breast Cancer Treatment - 934 Words

Breast cancer treatment depends on many factors such as the location of the cancer, the size, if it’s spread and the patient’s general health. Also, treatment currently includes surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormonal therapy and targeted cancer drugs (Cancer Research UK, 2017a). Further, surgery includes lumpectomy which removes just the cancerous area in an attempt to keep the majority of the breast tissue and has a much shorter recovery time and mastectomy which removes the entirety of the breast including the cancerous area which means there is a smaller chance the patent will require radiotherapy as well (Cancer Research UK, 2017b). In addition, radiotherapy treatment is used to kill cancer cells using high energy x-rays,†¦show more content†¦Moreover, Australian death rates from breast cancer have been rapidly decreasing since the 1980s when drug therapy trials began, in 1983 the rate was at 38% and in 2012 it had completely halved dropping to 19% w hich shows the effectiveness of the treatment available and how it has improved over the past thirty years (Wilcken, 2017). Percentage of Breast Cancer Sufferers Who Died from the Disease (Wilcken, 2017) Further, a study has found that even though chemotherapy is found to be very effective at treating breast cancer it is sometimes unnecessary. Especially considering the side effects as people with low-risk disease will likely do just as well as if they had chemotherapy if they had endocrine therapy after surgery which has far less side effects (Abraham, 2016). Also, radiotherapy after surgery for patients with early breast cancer has been shown to reduce the risk of the cancer returning by half and has fewer long-term adverse effects when the radiotherapy is at a reduced dose (BMJ, 2017). In addition, another study of 8724 women over 70 years of age found that patients with early breast cancer radiation therapy had a low risk of the cancer coming back and therefore a lower risk of requiring a mastectomy. This study also found individuals aged 70-79 who had aShow MoreRelatedThe Fatal Disease of Breast Cancer1384 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Breast cancer is the second most fatal cancer among women today. Breast cancer is when the breast cell’s get out of control and grows too much, then create a tumor, which may or may not be malignant (cancerous). Risk factors are very important information for individuals to know so that there is a clearer picture of the risks. Signs and symptoms are also a part of the information an individual needs to be aware of to aid in the discovery of breast cancer. For women who have been diagnosedRead MorePhysical Activity And Nutrition Of People Who Were Previously Diagnosed With Prostate Or Breast Cancer1027 Words   |  5 Pagespreviously diagnosed with prostate or breast cancer. This study was created because â€Å"Many people who are diagnosed with either breast or prostate cancer are interested in optimizing their health via lifestyle behaviors.† (Steinnagel, Morris, Laasko) It is said that healthy diets and frequently exercising may reduce the risk of developing prostat e or breast cancer. The authors stated, â€Å"There is a lack of definitive evidence regarding recommended diets for cancer survivors to optimize physical healthRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Breast Cancer Essay1032 Words   |  5 PagesBreast cancers are classified by several classifications as: - Histopathology - Grades - Stages - Receptor status. Each of these influences the prognosis and can affect treatment response. Description of a breast cancer optimally includes all of these factors: †¢ Histopathology: Breast cancer is usually classified primarily by its histological appearance. Most breast cancers are derived from the epithelium lining the ducts or lobules, and these cancers are classified as ductal or lobular carcinomaRead MoreCell Signaling Essay1583 Words   |  7 Pageshuman disease breast cancer and sickle cell anemia have been the most prevalent. The importance of these topics in reference to breast cancer and sickle cell anemia are the background information on these diseases, the general population affected, what gene/proteins are involved in these diseases, the symptoms of the diseases, the experimental research, and the key advances/ problems relaying to treatment for the diseases. Understanding the background information and how much breast cancer affects peopleRead MoreBreast Cancer : Education Is Vital871 Words   |  4 PagesBreast Cancer: Education is Vital Every nineteen seconds a woman is diagnosed with breast cancer in the world, yet controversy still surrounds the issue of breast cancer education and recommendations for screenings (ww5.komen.org). Four top organizations have introduced different recommendations on breast cancer screening, although proposed treatment plans are similar, the issue still persists. Educating women of all ages, ethnic and social backgrounds is significant because there are many misconceptionsRead MoreBreast Cancer Develops From The Breast Tissue1216 Words   |  5 PagesBreast Cancer Breast cancer develops from the breast tissue. It occurs when abnormal cells in the breast divide uncontrollably and form tumours. The tumours are either a lump or a thickening of body tissue. According to cancer research UK, in 2012, there was 50,750 new cases of breast cancer in women and 353 new cases of breast cancer in men, in the UK. There was also 11,716 deaths from breast cancer. (http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/statistics-by-cancer-tRead MoreBreast Cancer : A Shocking And Very Serious Disease1696 Words   |  7 PagesBreast cancer is a horrifying and very serious disease that should not be underestimated. It is a common cancer in women but the majority of women that are affected by this disease do not know that it can be treated in all sorts of ways or that breast cancer rarely ever appears in the same form more than once. As one of the leading causes of death in the United States, breast cancer is affecting tons of people. Orenstein, a breast cancer survivor, discusses the awareness and education of breast cancerRead MoreCancer : The Most Important Causes And Complications Of Breast Cancer1048 Words   |  5 PagesBreast cancer is the most prevalent cancer identified in women, and in spite of substantial developments in cancer treatment, it is still the second most important cause of cancer-related deaths. In general, up to 25% of breast cancer patients overexpress HER2 gene. Recently, the mAbs that identify antigens on cancer cells are being used for the targeted therapy of cancer. The antibodies can be used alone or as conjugates for the transport of radioisotopes, toxins, or drugs. Immunotoxins are manufacturedRead MoreTrastuzumab ( Herceptin ) -research And Development1431 Words   |  6 PagesTrastuzumab (Herceptin)-Research and Development Introduction Cancer is the uncontrollable division and growth of abnormal cells resulting in formation of an aggressive tumour. In some forms of Breast cancer, the cells proliferate uncontrollably due to over-expression of the protein HER2 (Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2); a receptor embedded within the membrane of cells, allowing for the transfer of signals outside to inside the cell. Trastuzumab is a monoclonal antibody administered throughRead MoreBreast Cancer : A Complex And Heterogeneous Disease Caused By Genetic Mutations782 Words   |  4 PagesBreast cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease caused by both genetic and non-genetic risk factors. These factors include, mutations in breast cancer-associated genes 1 and 2 (BRCA1 and BRCA2) [1]; loss or aberrant expression of the estrogen receptor (ER) [2]; human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2) overexpression [3] ; lack of ER, progesterone receptor (PR), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression[4] ; high le vels of receptor for the insulin-like growth factor receptor

The Vietnam War - 1380 Words

The bombs fell. Everyone panics. No running away from this. Everything stays. Lasting for 20 years (1955-1975), the Vietnam war, as bloody as any other wars, took away more than two million lives, in which many of them were civilians. Three million were wounded, and hundreds of thousands of children were left orphans. The Vietnam War was a long, costly armed conflict that pitted the communist government of North Vietnam and its southern allies, known as the Viet Cong, against South Vietnam and its principal ally, the United States. The Cold War played a significant part in the beginning of the Vietnam War. With the Cold War intensifying, the United States hardened its policies against any allies of the Soviet Union, and by 1955 President Dwight D. Eisenhower had pledged his firm support to Diem and South Vietnam. With training and equipment from American military and police, Diem’s security forces cracked down on Viet Minh consoles in the south, arresting some 100,000 people; many who were tortured or killed. By 1957, the Viet Cong and other opponents of Diem’s began fighting back with attacks on government officials and other targets, and by 1959 they had begun engaging South Vietnamese Army forces in firefights. Another interpretation has recently emerged, now that the Vietnam War is history and can be studied by scholars with greater, though not unlimited, access to records on all sides. The emerging scholarly interprets the war in the global context of the Cold War thatShow MoreRelatedThe War Of Vietnam And The Vietnam War1525 Words   |  7 PagesThe war in Vietnam is The United States and other capitalist bloc countries supported South Vietnam (Republic of Vietnam) against the support by the Soviet Union and other socialist bloc countries of North Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam) and the Vietcong of war. Which occurred during the Cold War of Vietnam (main battlefield), Laos, and Cambodia. This is the biggest and longtime war in American history during the 1960s (Best 2008). It is also the most significant war after World War IIRead MoreThe Vietnam War On Vietnam1725 Words   |  7 PagesThe War on Vietnam Many believe that the way Americans entered the war against the North Vietnam communists was unjust. The United States got into a war that they had no clue on how to win. â€Å"The Vietnam War was a long, costly armed conflict that pitted the communist regime of North Vietnam and its southern allies, known as the Viet Cong, against South Vietnam and its principal ally, the United States. The divisive war, increasingly unpopular at home, ended with the withdrawal of U.S. forces in 1973Read MoreThe Vietnam War : Vietnam1170 Words   |  5 PagesBeyond Vietnam. The Vietnam War is one of the most traumatic episodes in the history of the United States. Not only because it ended with a defeat for the United States Army, but because unleashed the largest wave of protests in the country, in which the government lost support. Extended over more than a decade, between 1959 to April 30 of 1975, although the US intervened in 1965, in which American soldiers experienced in firsthand scenes of destruction and death. During the Vietnam War clashedRead MoreThe Vietnam War Of Vietnam920 Words   |  4 Pages1940’s Vietnam was trying to break free of French reign over their country. During this time period Vietnam was split into two parts, north and south. The Japanese had decided to take over Vietnam in 1942. They couldn’t capture all of Vietnam, so they decided to retreat. North Vietnam proclaimed independence on September 2, 1945 as the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. The State of Vietnam declared independence on June 14, 1949, but rema ined under French rule until August 1, 1954. South Vietnam was theRead MoreVietnam And The Vietnam War1711 Words   |  7 Pages â€Æ' The Vietnam War was one of the bloodiest wars in the history of Vietnam. Vietnam use to be a peaceful country until the idea of communism started spreading across Vietnam. Many wanted to stay democratic but saw what happened to the Germans and started to lean towards communism. Many also wanted to stay democratic and still had it hopes high that it will soon get their lives and economy back on track. It later exploded into a huge argument and then leads to a civil war spurring between NorthRead MoreThe Vietnam War Of Vietnam952 Words   |  4 Pageswords that describe the Vietnam War. The Vietnam War had 240 days of combat in one year. World War II had forty days of combat in four years(Interesting Facts). That statistic shows how rough the Vietnam War was. The fighting was constant between the two sides. This war was fought over politics and had many gruesome battles. Before the Vietnam war, Vietnam was in a revolution because they did not want to be ruled by France. Vietnam wanted to be independent right after World War II ended in 1945. JapanRead MoreThe Vietnam War Of Vietnam1534 Words   |  7 Pages The Vietnam War began November 1st, 1955 and ended April 30th, 1975. It was a long costly war that involved North Vietnam and their Southern allies, known as Viet Cong, against South Vietnam and its main ally the United States. This war was very unpopular at home and would end with the withdrawal of the United States and the unification of Vietnam under communist control. Many think of war as something that just men are involved in but very rarely do people think of the role of women in the warRead MoreThe Vietnam War Of Vietnam1573 Words   |  7 PagesA. The Vietnam War occurred from 1955-1975, this included the North and South fighting over government structure of the newly independent state of Vietnam, having recently become independent f rom France. However, the USA was in Vietnam as a sort of protection for the South Vietnamese people, who had a weaker army force, but only a few thousand Americans were in Vietnam for that purpose at the time. On August 7, 1964, the USA entered the war for the purpose of fighting the North Vietnamese due toRead MoreThe Vietnam War Of Vietnam2003 Words   |  9 PagesThe Vietnam War in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia lasted from November 1st, 1955 to around April 30th, 1975. The war was split up between two sides, North Vietnam, who were allied with the Soviet Union, China, and most of the communist countries during this time period, and South Vietnam, who were allied with the United States and many countries that were against the belief of Communism. Although the United States did not necessarily have to get involved in the war, they believed that they had too soRead MoreVietnam And The Vietnam War1987 Words   |  8 PagesIn 1945, at the end of WWII, Vietnam started their war for ind ependence against their colonial rulers, France. Nine years after the start of the First Indochina War, the French were defeated at Dien Bien Phu which led to a peace conference in Geneva. At the conference, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam received their independence from France. However, Vietnam was divided between a Communist North and a Democratic South. In 1958, Communist- supported guerrillas in South Vietnam, known as the Viet Cong, began

Santa Or Satan Essay Example For Students

Santa Or Satan? Essay To Whom It May Concern:I regret to inform you that, effective immediately, I will no longer be able to serve Southern United States on Christmas Eve. Due to the overwhelming current population of the earth, my contract was renegotiatedby North American Fairies and Elves Local 209. I now serve only certain areas of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin and Michigan. As part of the new and better contract I also get longer breaks for milk and cookies so keep that in mind. However, Im certain that your children will be in good hands with your local replacement who happens to be my third cousin, Bubba Claus. His side of the family is from the South Pole. He shares my goal ofdelivering toys to all the good boys and girls; however, there are a few differences between us. Differences Such As:There is no danger of a Grinch stealing your presents from Bubba Claus. He has a gun rack on his sleigh and a bumper sticker that reads: These toys insured by Smith and Wesson. Instead of milk and cookies, Bubba Claus prefers that children leave an RC cola and pork rinds or a moon pie on the fireplace. And Bubba doesnt smoke a pipe. He dips a little snuff though, so please have an empty spit can handy. Bubba Claus sleigh is pulled by floppy-eared, flying coon dogs instead of reindeer. I made the mistake of loaning him a couple of my reindeer one time, and Blitzens head now overlooks Bubbas fireplace. You wont hear On Comet, on Cupid, on Donner and Blitzen when Bubba Claus arrives. Instead, youll hear, On Earnhardt, on Wallace, on Martin and Labonte. On Rudd, on Jarrett, on Elliott and Petty. Ho, ho, ho! has been replaced by Yee Haw! And you also are likely to hear Bubbas elves respond, I herd dat!As required by Southern highway laws, Bubba Claus sleigh does have a Yosemite Sam safety triangle on the back with the words Back off. The last I heard it also had other decorations on the sleigh back as well. One is Ford or Chevy logo with lights that race through the letters and the other is a caricature of me (Santa Claus) going potty on the Tooth Fairy. The usual Christmas movie classics such as Miracle on 34th Street and Its a Wonderful Life will not be shown in your negotiated viewing area. Instead, youll see Boss Hogg Saves Christmas and Smokey and the Bandit IV featuring Burt Reynolds as Bubba Claus and dozens of state patrol carscrashing into each other. Bubba Claus doesnt wear a belt. If I were you, Id make sure you, the wife, and the kids turn the other way when he bends over to put presents under the tree. And finally, lovely Christmas songs have been sung about me like Rudolph The Red-nosed Reindeer and Bing Crosbys Santa Claus Is Coming to Town. This year songs about Bubba Claus will be played on all the AM radio stations in the South. Those song title will be Mark Chesnutts BubbaClaus Shot the Jukebox; Cledus T. Judds All I Want for Christmas Is My Woman and a Six Pack, and Hank Williams Jr.s If You Dont Like Bubba Claus, You can shove It. Sincerely Yours,Santa ClausMember of North American Fairies and Elves Local 209BibliographynoneSupernatural Issues

Globalization National Systems and Multinational Companies

Question: Discuss about the Globalization National Systems and Multinational Companies. Answer: Introduction Culture refers to norms, knowledge, beliefs morals customs and habits acquired by individual members of society. Cross-culture, on the other hand, is a phenomenon that arises due to market globalization, (Tung, 2008). International businesses operate in a vast range of countries possessing variable cultures. This creates a cross culture environment, making it necessary to devise more appropriate ways of executing performance management, (Harzing Pinnington, 2010). Cross-cultural management occurs in a cross-cultural environment whereby the employees arise from different and unique backgrounds and cultures. Cross-cultural performance management As explained by Deresky (2014), performance management is the whole process of developing a shared understanding of what the entity needs to accomplish and how it would achieve it. It involves efficiently managing employees, through constant evaluation and appraisal with the aim of increasing the probability of success of the business. Global companies operate between different cultures. The human resource managers of these enterprises should, therefore, be well versed with this type of performance management to function appropriately. Geert Hofstedes views of organization culture. The cultural framework brought out by Hofstede has been broadly accepted as a unit for measuring the variations between nations. It has grouped the cultural dimensions into two categories including motivational orientations and relations between people, (Taras, Kirkman Steel, 2010). Some of the aspects of this framework include uncertainty avoidance, Collectivism, and individualism, power distance, masculinity, and feminine. Individualism mainly refers to the tendency by which individuals take care of themselves or tend to maintain some groups within their families. This aspect is measured using the individualism index, (Minkov Hofstede, 2011). Everyone has a tendency to take care of themselves and their adjacent families. Masculinity comes into consideration due to differences in emotions between genders. Uncertainty avoidance explains why individuals remain comfortable or uncomfortable in unstructured conditions. The human resource managers must evaluate the risk avoidance indexes between cultures to come up with a clear performance management strategy. The members of the company working in different locations expect that power should be distributed equally. This concept is viewed using power distance, (Taras, Kirkman Steel, 2010). Managers must evaluate the power distance between employees in different ranks when conducting performance management. Challenges faced in cross-cultural performance management process. According to Tung (2008), human resource managers may find it difficult to manage employees in situations where there is high uncertainty avoidance. This is because employees with this type of culture will be unable to exploit their full performance due to their tendency to avoid risk. The meaning of return varies between different cultures. The human resource managers may, therefore, use wrong or irrelevant performance indicators in their evaluation, (Bratton Gold, 2008)). Some cultures tie performance to profits while others tie performance to customer satisfaction. The managers should, therefore, come up with a clear guideline for measuring performance and make this known to the employees. Rewarding employees in cross-cultural businesses is not easy. This is caused by different working cultures experienced by employees working in various locations, (Boxall, 2011). The managers may, therefore, be unable to formulate a standard method of rewarding employees as a way of boosting performance. There may be difficulties in distinguishing cultural norms from the business arrangements. This may make managers mistake individual values to the methods of the company, (Deresky, 2014). The managers should always be aware of the cultural values and beliefs and separate them from the values of the organization. Theories of performance management Various models can be used to explain employee performance. These arguments are based on the assumptions that employee performance is influenced by several factors. In case of personnel management, some of the principles that can be used to evaluate employee performance are as follows. This argument was brought forward by Edwin Locke in 1968. It suggests that the personal goals set by the workers in a firm play a major duty in motivating the employees to achieve superior performance, (Drowling, Festing Allen, 2013). This is mainly because the employees set their individual goals and keep following them. Whenever the goals are not attained, they would either revise them or totally come up with new goals. The employees are also able to adjust these targets to suit their capabilities. Multinational companies have a range of employees in their branches or subsidiaries in different countries. These employees have different abilities, influenced by their culture and norms, (Shen, Chanda, D'netto Monga, 2009). The human resource managers should, therefore, consider the cultural differences and capabilities of individual employees in executing performance management. They should also take into account the individual goals set by these employees as these targets act as vital motivating factors to the employees. Expectancy theory This theory was postulated by Victor Vroom in 1964. It is enshrined on the assumption that the workers modify their behavior in the firm by the expected goals they set. The workers always adjust their actions in a way that would most likely enable them to accomplish the set goals, (Guest, 2011). This theory is an appropriate measurement of performance management as it gives clear guidelines to improved performance based on the expectations of individuals. The human resource managers of multinational companies should always bear in mind; the expectations brought forward by the employees when executing performance managed. They should view this as the primary determinant of the success of the company, (Deresky, 2014). Since the company holds branches in different global locations, the managers should consider the variations in culture and norms of work that may affect the employees, making them unable to adequately satisfy their expected achievements, (Guest, 2011). Employees from different locations should be treated differently to determine their potentials and overall performance. Soft and hard models International human resource managers may apply either soft or hard model in managing employees, and general performance of employees in a business. The hard model is based on setting stringent rules and goals to be met by the employee (Kopelman, Prottas Falk, 2010). It builds on theory X. on the other hand, the flexible model adopts communication and individual motivation of the employees to improve performance. It is based on theory Y, and views employees as self-motivated and ready to work to achieve the organization goals, (Pant Baroudi, 2008). The theory X views employees as lazy and unable to meet the required level of performance unless stringent rules and policies are put in place, (Kopelman, Prottas Falk, 2010). It advocates for setting of goals to be achieved by the employees. Firms do not specialize on one theory when determining employee performance. They employ a combination of these approaches so as to evaluate the workers properly. Co-Cola Company According to Signh, Arunachalam Rajagopal, (2011) this is an American Multinational corporation that deals in Beverages and non-alcoholic drinks. Its headquarters is in Atlanta, Georgia, with more than 129200 associates worldwide, and therefore considered a mega-provider of multicultural business opportunities. Some of the subsidiaries of this company include; Energy Brands, Coca-Cola Enterprises and Minute Maid, (Singh, Arunachalam, Rajagopal, 2011). This company conducts its business globally, distributing soft drinks, syrups, and concentrates. It, therefore, holds an international human resource management system that performs, recruitments and training, the motivation of employees and performance management and appraisal, making it the best example for use in this essay. Models used by the Coca-Cola Company According to Singh, Arunachalam, Rajagopal (2011), this company uses personal goal setting to align their reward systems and practices with performance in the market. It has an objective to make its employees feel motivated, comfortable and satisfied to perform towards fulfilling the objects of the company. This strategy enables employees to work towards attaining these aims. This ensures that they become more competent to perform the tasks laid in the organization to satisfy the vision and mission of the entity and compete effectively with other companies. The company uses different rewarding systems to compensate its employees, ranging from a commission, monthly wages, and salaries. This makes the workers more dedicated to work and beat the competitors, (Singh, Arunachalam, Rajagopal, 2011). It has systems like grade jump, which enables it to rank its employees effectively, annual incentive plan used for business performance; personal progress report used to outline the progress of employees, monthly turn hall for recording extraordinary performance and change designation systems. Individual measurement systems The company follows the GROW and WHALE DONE approach to measuring the performance of the employees. The GROW method enables the workers to know the level they want to be at, and which actions to undertake to reach such levels, (Singh, Arunachalam, Rajagopal, 2011). The performance management is a continuous system since it is done yearly or quarterly. There are also daily, and monthly reviews carried out by the managers to ensure they keep track of the performance of the enterprise. Conclusion In conclusion, proper performance management in the cross-cultural business environment is the key to success of global companies. The study of global human resource administration provides students essential skills and knowledge managing international businesses. Students who accomplish this course can, therefore, become better personnel managers of multinational companies like Coca-Cola. References Boxall, P., Purcell, J. (2011). Strategy and Human Resource Management. Palgrave Macmillan. Bratton, J., Gold, J. (2012). Human Resource Management: Theory and Practice. Palgrave Brewster, C., Wood, G., Brookes, M. (2008). Similarity, Isomorphism or Duality? Recent Survey British Journal of Management, 19(4), 320-342. Deresky, H. (2014) International Management: Managing Across Borders Cultures, Text andCases, 8th Edition. Pearson Education Australia. ISBN: 978-0-273-78705-1. Dowling, P.J., Festing, M. Allen, D.E. (2013). International Human Resource Management. 6th Edition. Melbourne: Cengage Learning. Edwards, T., Rees, C. (2011). International Human Resource Management: Globalization National Systems and Multinational Companies, 2nd Edition, Pearson Guest, D. E. (2011). Human Resource Management and Performance: Still searching for some. Human Resource Management Journal, 21(1), 3-13. Harzing, A., Pinnington, A. (2010). International Human Resource Management, 3rd Edition, SAGE Publications Ltd. ISBN: 9781847872937 Kopelman, R. E., Prottas, D. J., Falk, D. W. (2010). Construct Validation of a Theory X/Y Behavior Scale. Leadership Organization Development Journal, 31(2), 120-135. Minkov, M., Hofstede, G. (2011). The evolution of Hofstede's Doctrine. Cross-Cultural Management: An International Journal, 18(1), 10-20. Pant, I., Baroudi, B. (2008). Project Management Education: The Human Skills Imperative. International Journal of Project Management, 26(2), 124-128. Shen, J., Chanda, A., D'netto, B., Monga, M. (2009). Managing Diversity through Human Resource Management: An International Perspective and Conceptual Framework. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20(2), 235-251. Taras, V., Kirkman, B. L., Steel, P. (2010). Examining the Impact of Culture's Consequences: A Three-decade, Multilevel, Meta-analytic Review of Hofstede's Cultural Value Dimensions.Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(3), 405. Singh, K. P., Arunachalam, H., Rajagopal, S. (2011, January 4). PerformanceManagement at Coca-Cola. Retrieved January 6, 2017, from Scribd.com Website: https://www.scribd.com/doc/32509104/Performance-Management-at-Coca-Cola Tung, R. L. (2008). The Cross-cultural Research Imperative: The Need to Balance Cross-national And Intra-national Diversity. Journal of International Business Studies, 39(1), 41-46.